Organization | • | Illinois State Water Survey | [X] |
| | | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 1914 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | EDMUND JANES JAMES, PH.D., LL.D., President University of Illinois. SIR: Herewith I submit a report of the work of the State Water Survey for the year ending December 31, 1913, and request that it be printed as a bulletin of the University of Illinois, State Water Survey Series No. 11. The report contains an account of the work done by the Water Survey in accordance with the laws (Laws of Illinois, 40th General Assembly 1897, 12; 47th General Assembly, 1911, 43. Bulletin University of Illinois, State Water Survey Series, 9, 7-8). The General Report gives a summary of the chemical, biological and engineering work done and an account of the special investigations made during the year. Some interesting and valuable scientific investigations have been carried on by both the chemists and engineers. Advice relative to public water supplies has been given a large number of cities and plans for all new projects have been reviewed and reported upon. Extensive sanitary surveys of watersheds have been made which are proving of much value to cities facing the problem of sewage treatment. This work should be continued to cover all the watersheds of the state. During the year a co-operative arrangement has been perfected with the Rivers and Lakes Commission which increases the effectiveness of the Survey's work along the lines of stream cleaning. Thorough investigations have been made of several typhoid fever epidemics, suspected of being water borne. The most important of Health. During the Ohio River floods of April, the Survey was able to render valuable service in protecting water supplies and establishing sanitary conditions. Respectfully submitted, EDWARD BARTOW, Director. | | | | Date Created: | 7 25 2005 | | | | Agency ID: | B-11 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000732 Original UID: 999999992011 FIRST WORD: Chemical | |
| | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 1908 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | EDMUND JANES JAMES, PH. D., LL.D., President University of Illinois. SIR: Herewith I submit a report of the work of the State Water Survey from September 1, 1906 to December 31, 1907, with the request that it be printed as a bulletin of the University of Illinois, State Water Survey Series No. 6. The report includes a detailed description of the work accomplished during the 16 months ending December 31st, 1907, with a summary, by years, of the analyses made since the foundation of the Survey to that time, and a summary, by months, of the analyses made during the last two years. The new quarters into which the Survey moved during the summer of 1907, are described. The progress of the co-operative work with the State Board of Health, and with the Engineering Experiment Station of the University of Illinois, the State Geological Survey, and the Water Resources Branch of the United States Geological Survey, is reported. There are included the descriptions of several experiments or investigations carried on by the Survey. For these investigations special thanks are due to Mr. J. M. Lindgren for his Experiments in Water Treatment, to Mr. A. W. Sellards for the chapter on Sanitary Chemical Examination of Water Bacteria, to both of these gentlemen and to Professor A. N. Talbot, Professor H. S. Grindley, Mr. R. H. Slocum and the Corn Products Refining Company, for assistance and co-operation in the study of Trade Wastes at Waukegan; and to Dr. W. G. Bain for the description of the stand for fermentation tubes. Respectfully submitted, EDWARD BARTOW, Director. | | | | Date Created: | 7 25 2005 | | | | Agency ID: | B-6 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000725 Original UID: 999999992006 FIRST WORD: Chemical | |
| | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 1903 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | SIR: Herewith I submit a report of the work of the Chemical Survey of the Water Supplies of Illinois, covering the years 1897 to 1902, inclusive. As was stated in my preliminary report, published in 1897, portions of which are incorporated in the present report, the aims of the survey include the determination of the present sanitary condition of the water supplies drawn from the lakes, the streams, and the wells of the State; the determination of the normal condition of uncontaminated waters; the formulation of local standards of purity based upon the results of analyses of water derived from unpolluted sources; the provision of such means as shall afford to citizens of the State opportunity to obtain immediate information regarding the wholesomeness of the potable waters in which they are directly interested; and in general the prevention of the development and dissemination of disease from the use of impure water. The press of work in certain of these directions has been so great that comparatively little has been accomplished in others, and a mass of data concerning the normal condition of ground waters must be left for digestion and discussion at some future time. The present report may be broadly divided into three parts, namely: 1. A brief consideration of the sanitary condition of the ordinary ground waters and matters relating thereto. Accompanying this there is a paper upon 'The Geology of Illinois as Related to Water Supplies,' by Charles W. Rolfe, Professor of Geology in the University. 2. Results of the mineral analysis of some four hundred and sixty samples of water mainly from wells of considerable depth. 3. A report of the investigation of the surface waters of the State, relating chiefly to the Illinois River and some of its tributaries. Most of the routine work of these investigations has been conducted by Mr. C. V. Millar, M. S., and Mr. R. W. Stark, B. S., to whom special commendation is due for the continued interest, the skill and the unfailing zeal with which they have furthered the purposes of the Survey. At various times we have further been ably assisted by Mr. F. C. Koch, M. S.; Mr. E. P. Walters, B. S.; Mr. A. D. Emmett, B. S.; and Mr. A. L. Marsh. Respectfully submitted, ARTHUR W. PALMER, Sc . D., Professor of Chemistry. | | | | Date Created: | 7 25 2005 | | | | Agency ID: | B-2 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000736 Original UID: 999999993677 FIRST WORD: Chemical | |
| | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | Changes in climate directly affect four areas of major ctivity and concern in Illinois water, energy, agriculture, and transportation. This report presents selected Illinois records for 1901-1980 on a variety of atmospheric conditions that allow assessment of climate fluctuations, climate trends, variability around the trends, and impacts of these changes on the four areas of concern. Documented are changes in statewide and regional precipitation and temperature, plus selected point (station) data. Also presented are changes in other atmospheric conditions including relative humidity, sky cover and sunshine, visibility and related air quality smoke/haze/dust), severe local storms, and wind speed and direction. The historical records are carefully evaluated as to quality. Analyses of the data indicate changes in the more recent 20 years (1961-1980 compared with 1901-1960) to wetter and cooler conditions: more rain and snow and fewer droughts; decreases in temperatures especially in summer and winter, with fewer extremely warm days and many more extremely cold days; increases in cloudiness and decreases in sunshine and clear days especially in summer; and increases in wind speeds with more diverse wind directions. All trends are more marked in the extreme seasons of summer and winter than in the transition seasons of spring and fall, although somewhat warmer springs have produced a slightly longer growing season in the recent period. Mixed regional changes are noted in other atmospheric conditions, and no trend is apparent for relative humidity. | | | | Date Created: | 1984 | | | | Agency ID: | ISWS B 68 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000720 Original UID: 776 FIRST WORD: Climate | |
| | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | Illinois State Water Survey presents a diagnostic analysis of climate model data examining precipitation, surface air temperature, and related atmospheric features for Illinois and the central United States. | | | | Date Created: | 02 06 2004 | | | | Agency ID: | Contract Report 2004-12. | | | | ISL ID: | 000000001909 Original UID: 1776 FIRST WORD: Climate | |
| | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 1969 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | A detailed climatological study of all severe winter storms occurring in Illinois during the 1900-1960 period has been pursued to obtain extensive information concerning these frequently quite damaging snow and ice storms. This study provides information that enlarges our knowledge of the basic climatological aspects of winter storms, statistics concerning the amount and types of damage they produce, descriptions of the meteorological conditions producing these storms, and data helpful in the design and planning for these events. | | | | Date Created: | 9 24 2004 | | | | Agency ID: | B-53 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000734 Original UID: 999999992053 FIRST WORD: Climatology | |
| | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 2002 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | In response to expanding urban development, the use of Lake Michigan and other sources for public water supplies, and a growing interest in regional water resources development, this report provides a detailed discussion of groundwater withdrawals and water levels in northeastern Illinois. The water-level portion of this report covers a 15-county area from Lake Michigan to north-central Illinois and from the Wisconsin border south to Kankakee County. Particular emphasis, however, has been given to deep well pumpage in the eight counties of the Chicago region because of the significant shift in the late twentieth century from groundwater supplies of the deep bedrock aquifers to Lake Michigan and other sources. This report details the fall 2000 water-level measurement of wells reaching to the St.Peter and Ironton-Galesville sandstones (deep bedrock aquifers), provides a map illustrating the slope of groundwater levels, and compares the fall 2000 levels to the fall 1995 observations. The rapid decrease in groundwater pumpage from the deep bedrock aquifers during the 1980s initially resulted in a rapid recovery of groundwater levels. However, the rate of water-level change has slowed since the mid-1990s. The greatest recovery during the past five years occurred in Cook County. Groundwater levels in several wells were observed to have risen more than 50 feet since 1995. Where the deep bedrock aquifers of Cambrian-Ordovician age continue to be used, declines in groundwater levels were observed. Most notable declines were in southeastern Kane and northern Kendall Counties, southwestern Lake County, and southeastern McHenry County. Outside the Chicago region, water-level declines were observed in deep wells at Loves Park in Winnebago County and in the vicinity of DeKalb and Sycamore in DeKalb County. | | | | Date Created: | 9 24 2004 | | | | Agency ID: | DCS-2002-02 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000901 Original UID: 999999994346 FIRST WORD: A | |
| | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 1995 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | The objectives of this study were to 1) identify locations along the Fox River wherereductions in the flow rate and/or river water quality are likely to degrade any use of water along the river, 2) assess the prevailing water quality and ecology of a critical reach of the river, e.g., from one dam to the other, and 3) estimate and evaluate water supply and water quality conditions at present and in the future. | | | | Date Created: | 9 24 2004 | | | | Agency ID: | CR-586 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000790 Original UID: 999999992166 FIRST WORD: Considerations | |
| | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 2003 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | A dense raingage network has operated in Cook County since the fall of 1989, to provide accurate precipitation for use in simulating runoff for Lake Michigan diversion accounting. This report describes the network design, the operations and maintenance procedures, the data reduction and quality control methodology, a comparison of rainfall amounts obtained via analog chart and data logger, and an analysis of precipitation for Water Year 2002 (October 2001 - September 2002). The data analyses include 1) monthly and Water Year 2002 amounts at all sites, 2) Water Year 2002 amounts in comparison to patterns from network Water Years 1990-2001, and 3) the 13-year network precipitation average for Water Years 1990-2002. Also included are raingage site descriptions, instructions for raingage technicians, documentation of raingage maintenance, and documentation of high storm totals. | | | | Date Created: | 9 24 2004 | | | | Agency ID: | CR-2003-01 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000879 Original UID: 999999994350 FIRST WORD: Continued | |
| | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 2006 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | A dense raingage network has operated in Cook County since the fall of 1989, to provide accurate precipitation measurements for use in simulating runoff for Lake Michigan diversion accounting. This report describes the network design, the operations and maintenance procedures, the data reduction and quality control methodology, a comparison of rainfall amounts obtained via analog chart and data logger, and an analysis of precipitation for Water Year 2005 (October 2004 - September 2005). The data analyses include 1) monthly and Water Year 2005 amounts at all sites, 2) Water Year 2005 amounts in comparison to patterns from network Water Years 1990-2004, and 3) the 16-year network precipitation average for Water Years 1990-2005. Also included are raingage site descriptions, instructions for raingage technicians, documentation of raingage maintenance, and documentation of high storm totals. | | | | Date Created: | 3 10 2006 | | | | Agency ID: | CR-2006-02 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000956 Original UID: 999999994477 FIRST WORD: Continued | |
| | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | This record links to the reports on the dense raingage network, which has operated in Cook County since the fall of 1989, to provide accurate precipitation for use in simulating runoff for purposes of Lake Michigan diversion accounting. | | | | Date Created: | | | | | Agency ID: | | | | | ISL ID: | 000000001481 Original UID: NA for serial records FIRST WORD: Continued | |
| | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 2000 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | A dense raingage network has operated in Cook County since the fall of 1989, to provide accurate precipitation for use in simulating runoff for purposes of Lake Michigan diversion accounting. This report describes the network design, the operations and maintenance procedures, the data reduction methodology, and an analysis of precipitation occurring during Water Year 1999 (October 1998 through September 1999). The data analyses include 1) monthly and Water Year 1999 amounts at all sites, 2) Water Year 1999 amounts in comparison to patterns from network Water Years 1990-1998, and 3) the ten-year network precipitation average for Water Years 1990-1999. Also included are: raingage site description, instructions for raingage technicians, documentation of raingage maintenance, and documentation of high storm totals. | | | | Date Created: | 9 24 2004 | | | | Agency ID: | CR-2000-07 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000805 Original UID: 999999994112 FIRST WORD: Continued | |
| | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 2001 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | A dense raingage network has operated in Cook County since the fall of 1989, to provide accurate precipitation for use in simulating runoff for purposes of Lake Michigan diversion accounting. This report describes the network design, the operations and maintenance procedures, the data reduction methodology, and an analysis of precipitation for Water Year 2000 (October 1999 through September 2000). The data analyses include 1) monthly and Water Year 2000 amounts at all sites, 2) Water Year 2000 amounts in comparison to patterns from network Water Years 1990-1999, and 3) the 11-year network precipitation average for Water Years 1990-2000. Also included are raingage site descriptions, instructions for raingage technicians, documentation of raingage maintenance, and documentation of high storm totals. | | | | Date Created: | 9 24 2004 | | | | Agency ID: | CR-2001-02 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000833 Original UID: 999999994313 FIRST WORD: Continued | |
| | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 2000 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) National Regional Nutrient Criteria Development Program is developing regional-specific criteria for total nitrogen concentrations in surface waters. These criteria will provide the foundation for states to set total nitrogen standards to remedy impairments caused by nutrient overenrichment and to protect designated uses. Reference conditions representing minimally impacted surface waters will be developed for each ecoregion. All nutrient criteria must be based on sound scientific rationale. The first element of a nutrient criterion identified by USEPA is "... historical data and other information to provide an overall perspective on the status of the resource." The second element includes " ... a collective reference condition describing the current status." A further element requires "... attention to downstream consequences." The USEPA recognizes that nutrient concentrations in surface waters are primarily affected by the rate of weathering and erosion from watershed soils. Human activity can affect on the natural load of nutrient inputs to surface waters through, for example, vegetation disturbance of the vegetation, and addition of nutrient-containing material, such as fertilizer. At the heart of the overenrichment problem are the rates of production and decomposition of organic materials, of which nitrogen is a component. This report provides a contribution to the setting of reference/background conditions for Illinois through the evaluation of the current status of water resources against historical conditions, and some attention to downstream consequences. A particular focus of downstream consequences is hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico, allegedly caused by the flux of excess nitrogen from the Upper Mississippi, Ohio, and Missouri River Basins. The concept of biogeochemical cycling provides an appropriate and necessary framework for understanding landscape influences on water quality throughout the Illinois River Basin. Changes in the Illinois River Valley and its system of tributary streams and lakes are well recognized, but this is the first attempt to assess in some detail how such changes have affected the aquatic carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen cycles; especially the impact of such watershed changes on the nature and quantity of aquatic nitrogen, as well as on the nitrogen cycle within the terrestrial reservoir. This is seen in the accompanying time line of the estimated nitrogen richness of the Illinois landscape. Scientists studying soils and crops from the mid-19th through mid-20th centuries documented that human activities have greatly altered the natural nitrogen cycle. Cultivation of virgin land typically depleted nitrogen and carbon stored in these reservoirs by about 50 percent in the first 60-70 years of cultivation. Some of this nitrogen was transferred to surface waters and ground waters. The depletion of nitrogen from soils in the Mississippi River Basin was so great that crop yields declined throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. By mid-20th century, the extensive use of nitrogen fertilizer, improved plant varieties, and agronomic practices increased crop yields. Nitrogen fertilizer also began to replenish some of the large amounts of nitrogen previously removed from the soil. In the 1970s, profound changes occurred in the perception of the natural nitrogen cycle and human modification of that cycle. The nitrogen cycle, and human impacts on it came to be defined in terms of atmospheric nitrogen fixation and the return of nitrogen gases by nitrification/denitrification. The 99 percent of the nitrogen cycle which was otherwise cycled within and between the large soil, sediment, and plant reservoirs were no longer acknowledged. From this new definition of the nitrogen cycle, it was concluded that human activities, especially fossil-fuel combustion and fertilizer use, had doubled the nitrogen cycle and many lands, including much of Illinois, had become nitrogen saturated. Increasing concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen in surface waters were given as evidence of nitrogen saturation and leakage. This new limited edition of the nitrogen cycle became cast in concrete and is referred to in this report as "the new, standing nitrogen-cycle paradigm." This report uses the earlier, scientifically more complete and defensible definition of the nitrogen cycle, which includes recognition of the magnitude and importance of soil-plant reservoirs and exchanges. It uses extensive scientific documentation of major changes in ecosystems and soil nitrogen that have occurred over centuries, to place into perspective the present status of nitrogen resources -- as required by USEPA. This report examines the impact on nitrogen concentrations in surface waters in Illinois during occupation of the land by Native Americans, bison, and many other animals and birds. Theoretical impacts are complemented by written accounts of early settlers and scientific observations made under similar conditions. It is concluded that the landscape and surface waters were more nitrogen saturated at this time than today. These pre-European-settlement conditions were selected as the reference/background conditions. Just prior to and during the period of early European settlement, the populations of Native Americans and bison were eliminated and the landscape became less nitrogen saturated. Nevertheless, even in the 1820s, the Illinois River was hypertrophic, i.e. nutrient overenriched. As late as the 1850s, the amount of eroded soil transported by the Mississippi River was more than twice that transported in recent decades. Since soil erosion is reported to be the major sort of N delivery from agricultural lands, the N load in the Mississippi River was declining. The average annual concentration of total nitrogen in the Lower Illinois River in 1894-1899 was 3.68 mg N/l, and additional large amounts of nitrogen not measured were stored in plankton and luxuriant aquatic vegetation and transported downstream in copious amounts of organic debris. Allowing for the unmeasured flux of nitrogen as plankton and for low flow, the adjusted average annual concentration of total nitrogen in the Lower Illinois River in 1894-1899 is estimated to have been about 5.5 mg N/l. This report also examines the impact of European settlement and agriculture on the nitrogen cycle and water quality. Scientific data show that the average concentration of total nitrogen in the Lower Illinois River increased to about 10 mg N/l by mid-20th century and subsequently decreased to 4.8 mg N/l in the 1990s. The annual concentration of nitrate in the Lower Illinois River peaked at about 6.2 mg N/l in 1967-1971 and subsequently decreased to about 3.8 mg N/l in 1993-1998. These improvements in water quality are associated with an increasing amount of dissolved oxygen in the river. The reductions in the concentrations of all forms of nitrogen are attributable to both point- and nonpoint-source pollution control. The main conclusions of this report are that, in establishing scientifically sound reference/background conditions, it is necessary to quantify in a common unit all forms of nitrogen (in solution, as solids, and as gases; and organic and inorganic forms) and all sources, reservoirs, transformations, and fluxes of nitrogen in a common unit; and to understand interactions between nitrogen and other biogeochemical cycles of, for example, water, oxygen, carbon, and phosphorous. Criteria for setting nitrogen standards must recognize the great complexity of the nitrogen cycle and its interdependence with other variables, cycles, and anthropogenic influences. | | | | Date Created: | 9 24 2004 | | | | Agency ID: | CR-2000-08 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000827 Original UID: 999999994193 FIRST WORD: Contribution | |
| | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 1975 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | Essential data on corrosion gathered by the Illinois State Water Survey in isolated or programmed studies, and from experience at state institutions since 1950, are summarized. A brief review of basic fundamentals of corrosion is presented as background for the summaries. Also included are some of the general and specific recommendations concerning inhibitors and construction materials that were developed through laboratory and field evaluations for use by architects, engineers, and institutional maintenance personnel. Appendixes contain a discussion of corrosion in water wells and pumps and two ancillary papers for orientation and recognition of other factors related to distribution system water quality. | | | | Date Created: | 7 25 2005 | | | | Agency ID: | B-59 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000735 Original UID: 999999992059 FIRST WORD: Corrosion | |
| | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 1987 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | A major study of Illinois droughts was conducted to develop a basis for quantitative assessments of drought conditions in Illinois. Such information should aid decision making related to local and state actions to ameliorate the effects of future droughts. Those who must deal directly with aspects of drought need to know 1) whether a drought is developing, 2) how severe the drought is at any given time, and 3) how long the drought will last. This report provides information to help address those questions. The report draws upon relevant results of in-depth studies of most critical aspects of drought, including the ways drought is reflected in the major components of the hydrologic cycle. Procedures are given for assessing drought presence and severity in terms of precipitation conditions, soil moisture conditions, shallow groundwater levels, and streamflows. Routine monitoring of these four conditions, coupled with the use of relationships developed in the drought study, serves to detect the onset of droughts in Illinois. Methods for determining the end of drought are not perfect, but the report discusses means by which the termination of drought can be estimated. | | | | Date Created: | 9 24 2004 | | | | Agency ID: | C-169 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000761 Original UID: 999999993827 FIRST WORD: Detecting | |
| | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 2005 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | This study provides a scientific basis for developing a classification system in support of nutrient criteria development for streams and rivers based on their susceptibility to algal growth. Those streams having high algal biomass as a result of low nutrient concentration are considered susceptible to algal growth. Conversely, streams having low algal biomass and high nutrient concentration are considered less susceptible to algal growth. The process of setting nutrient criteria is complex due to various designated water uses that require different levels of water-quality protection. That complexity is compounded further by the diversity in habitat conditions. Scientists have found that a stream's response to nutrient enrichment depends on various habitat factors such as water velocity, canopy cover along the streambank, and stream width/depth. Habitat conditions may differ considerably from one reach to another and also from season to season. To account for this spatial and temporal variability, monthly aggregated reach-scale habitat conditions were used to develop the classification system. Algae are either the direct or indirect cause of most problems related to nutrient enrichment. In this study, statistical methods were applied to develop a relationship between algal biomass and nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus). Residuals of the developed relationship were considered to be attributable to stream susceptibility to algal growth. Variability of the residuals (i.e., susceptibility values) then can be explained by habitat conditions. Two sets of monitoring data for Illinois streams and rivers were used to develop the statistical models. The susceptibility-habitat model uses habitat monitoring data to predict stream susceptibility, and classify these streams based on their susceptibility. Eventually, the classification system may be used to develop site-specific nutrient standards based on stream tolerance to nutrients. It also can be used to prioritize streams and rivers for the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) and for watershed management purposes. This two-stage model approach was tested on two datasets for Illinois. The Fox River dataset included nine locations on the Fox River in Lake, McHenry, Kane, Kendall, and LaSalle Counties. The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) dataset included extensive habitat factors and nutrient data observed at 142 locations on rivers and streams throughout the state. Those data were used to estimate the nonlinear regression model (f1) for calculating susceptibility based on the habitat factors. Validation entailed comparing predicted susceptibility with 'observed' susceptibility calculated as a residual from the nutrients-algal biomass (chlorophyll a) nonlinear regression model (f2). Various combinations of linear or squared inputs were examined for both f1 and f2 models, and those models giving the best-fit statistics were identified. Results show how the proposed two-stage model could be implemented for watershed classification based on stream susceptibility. Longer, more complete datasets will be required in the future to further test the results and to finetune the models, however. | | | | Date Created: | 5 10 2005 | | | | Agency ID: | CR-2005-02 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000876 Original UID: 999999994451 FIRST WORD: Development | |
| | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 2005 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | The Climate-Weather Research and Forecasting (CWRF) is the climate extension of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, incorporating all WRF functionalities for numerical weather predictions while enhancing the capability for climate applications. This report focuses on the construction and implementation of surface boundary conditions (SBCs) specifically designed for CWRF mesoscale modeling applications. The primary SBCs include surface topography (mean elevation, slope, curvature, and their standard deviations); bedrock, lakebed, or seafloor depth; soil sand, and clay fraction profiles; surface albedo localization factor; bottom soil temperature; surface characteristic identification; land cover category; fractional vegetation cover; leaf and stem area index; sea surface temperature, salinity, and current; and sea temperature and salinity profiles. They are currently presented in a CWRF domain suitable for the U.S applications at 30-kilometer spacing. The raw data sources and processing procedures, however, are elaborated in detail, by which the SBCs can be readily constructed for any specific CWRF domain anywhere in the world. For a specific field, alternative data sources, if available, were compared to quantify uncertainties and suggest the choice or improvement. | | | | Date Created: | 2 8 2005 | | | | Agency ID: | SR-2005-01 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000950 Original UID: 999999994441 FIRST WORD: Development | |
| | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 2000 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | In the East St. Louis vicinity, the Illinois Department of Transportation, Division of Highways (IDOT) owns 55 high-capacity wells that are used to maintain the elevation of the ground-water table below the highway surface in areas where the highway is depressed below the original land surface. The dewatering systems are located at five sites in the alluvial valley of the Mississippi River in an area known as the American Bottoms. The alluvial deposits at the dewatering sites are about 90 to 115 feet thick and consist of fine sand, silt, and clay in the upper 10 to 30 feet, underlain by medium to coarse sand about 70 to 100 feet thick. The condition and efficiency of a number of the dewatering wells became suspect in 1982 on the basis of data collected and reviewed by IDOT staff. Since 1983, IDOT and the Illinois State Water Survey (ISWS) have conducted a cooperative investigation to more adequately assess the operation and condition of the wells, to attempt to understand the probable causes of well deterioration, and to evaluate rehabilitation procedures used on the wells. Work conducted during FY 95 (Phase 12) included monitoring the rehabilitation of four wells, step-testing the rehabilitated wells and checking the discharge from two wells for sand pumpage, checking the quality of the water discharged during the step tests, and monitoring the ground-water levels at the dewatering system sites. Posttreatment step tests were used to help document the rehabilitation of four dewatering wells, Interstate-70 (I-70) Wells 3A, 5, 11A, and 15, during FY 95 (Phase 12). Chemical treatments used to restore the capacity of these four wells were moderately successful. The improvement in specific capacity per well averaged about 103 percent based on data from pre- and posttreatment step tests. The specific capacity of I-70 Well 15 was restored to about 109 percent of the average observed specific capacity of wells in good condition at the I-70 site and the other three wells were restored to about 72 to 87 percent of the average observed specific capacity for wells in good condition. The sand pumpage investigation conducted during the posttreatment step tests on I-70 Wells 3A and 11A showed little or insignificant amounts of sand in the portable settling tank after the step tests. The tank was required to divert the discharged water into the stormwater drainage system during the other two step tests, precluding a check for sand pumpage. | | | | Date Created: | 9 24 2004 | | | | Agency ID: | CR-2000-10 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000829 Original UID: 999999994306 FIRST WORD: Dewatering | |
| | | Title: | | | | | Volume/Number: | 2003 | | | | Issuing Agency: | | | | | Description: | In the East St. Louis vicinity, the Illinois Department of Transportation Division of Highways (IDOT) owns 56 high-capacity wells that are used to maintain the elevation of the groundwater table below the highway surface in areas in which the highways were constructed below the original land surface. The dewatering systems are located at five sites in the alluvial valley of the Mississippi River in an area known as the American Bottoms. The alluvial deposits at the dewatering sites are about 90 to 115 feet thick and consist of fine sand, silt, and clay in the upper 10 to 30 feet, underlain by about 70 to 100 feet of medium to coarse sand. The condition and efficiency of a number of the dewatering wells became suspect in 1982 on the basis of data collected and reviewed by IDOT staff. Since 1983, IDOT and the Illinois State Water Survey have conducted a cooperative investigation to more adequately assess the operation and condition of the wells, to attempt to understand the probable causes of well deterioration, and to evaluate rehabilitation procedures used on the wells. Work scheduled for FY 00 (Phase 17) included conducting 18 condition-assessment and posttreatment step tests, monitoring of the chemical treatment of 11 wells, and observing and documenting the construction of 2 new (replacement) dewatering wells. Of the 18 step tests conducted, 11 were post-chemical-treatment step tests, 5 were routine condition assessment step tests on existing wells, and 2 were condition assessments on newly constructed wells. The results of the five condition assessment step tests indicated specific capacities ranging from 25.1 to 65.2 gallons per minute per foot (gpm/ft), corresponding to very poor to fair well conditions, respectively. It was recommended that all five wells be chemically treated in FY01. Posttreatment step tests were used to help document the rehabilitation of 11 dewatering wells during FY 00 (Phase 17): I-70 Wells 2A and 8A; 25th Street Wells 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9; and Missouri Avenue Wells 2 and 3. Chemical treatments used to restore the capacity of these seven wells were moderately successful. There was a wide range of improvement in specific capacity per well, ranging from 2 percent to 503 percent improvement, and averaging 124 percent based on specific-capacity data from pre- and posttreatment step tests. A sand pumpage investigation, which was conducted during 15 of the 18 step tests during FY 00, revealed that 25th Street Wells 2, 3, and 4 were pumping sand. These conditions may pose a threat to the long-term operation of these wells, especially 25th Street Well 4. Smaller amounts of sand were found following the step test for 25th Street Wells 2 and 3. | | | | Date Created: | 9 24 2004 | | | | Agency ID: | CR-2003-08 | | | | ISL ID: | 000000000874 Original UID: 999999994406 FIRST WORD: Dewatering | |
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